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"Genocide is a process that develops in 8 stages... The later stages must be proceeded by the earlier stages."
(The 8 stages of Genocide) These 8 stages are; classification, symbolization, dehumanization, organization, polarization, identification, extermination, and denial, however not all the stages were used in this genocide. Dehumanization: This was commonly used by the Japanese. Not only did they rape the women, but they also tied them up naked, force them to pose for pornographic pictures; which the Japanese kept for themselves, and were often tortured; with objects stuck up them. Rape wasn't the only way they dehumanized the Chinese, they took men as prisoners and promised them work/food. However these prisoners went days without either. They were locked up in a dark cage and after a few days went by, the Japanese would isolate them from one another. At this point, the Chinese thought they were getting food, but once they seen the guns the Japanese were holding, it was to late to escape. (Chang 82) Organization: In order for a genocide to begin, organization is used without thought. When the Japanese lost the war against China, they ""Lusted" for revenge." (Rape of Nanjing. Kim Angell) The soldiers were ordered to go into the capital of China. (Nanjing) The main commander, Matzui Ewony, ordered, "To kill all, burn all, and planed all." It was later found out that this order could have been foraged by someone else. On the other hand, Japanese polices at the time also stated the same reasons; "because if we didn't take all, they'll plan revenge on us and that's why we killed all the people there and planed all their food, the grains and burned everything." (Rape of Nanking. Kim Angell) Polarization: In Nanjing, some of the higher Chinese people betrayed their own and helped the Japanese conduct these brutal acts. I'm guessing this caused conflict with the higher Chinese and the lower classes. However, most of these "helpers" end up getting killed. Identification: The Japanese collected men with "celest" hands. If they noticed that you had this type of hand, you were considered a Chinese soldiers. Most of the time, the men weren't soldier however they still took them as captive. Extermination: The Japanese had brutal tactics they used while they entered Nanjing. The killing game was one of them. "The Killing Game" was a game made up by two Japanese lieutenants. These lieutenants created a competition to see who could cut off 100 heads in the fastest time. At a certain point, both lieutenant lost count so they decided to start over and upped it to 150 heads. Similar to this, alive Chinese citizens were used for bayonet practice. Another tactic used on the Chinese was burying them to death or burning them to death. Both of these were done to alive Chinese citizens. Denial: Still to this day, the Japanese are in denial about the Nanjing incident. Many state that this is a lie that the Chinese came up with to get attention from the Americans. There's sites that are supporting these claims. For instances, The So-Called Nanjing Massacre was a Fabrication, this site goes on and on about the genocide and how it never happened. "The Japanese military did not attack it, and no civilian was killed." In 1946-1948 the Chinese worked with the Nazis to try to make a case however since they couldn't get the Japanese emperor, they had no case. Without him, the crimes the Japanese soldiers committed, couldn't be proven right or wrong. However, the soldiers that surrendered, either got killed, or became prisoners and later forgotten of and got political jobs. Nevertheless, Japanese politicians still deny the massacre of Nanjing. (Remnant) |